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Item
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Horizontal (Airplane propeller type)
(HAWT)
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Old Vertical Turbines
(VAWT)
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New Multi Axis Turbo System Design
(MAT)
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Description
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Over 95% of wind turbines currently in use
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Various designs; largely experimental
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Utilizes the positive technological aspects of both horizontal (HAWT) and vertical (VAWT)
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Definition
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HAWT (Horizontal axis wind turbine)
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VAWT (Vertical axis wind turbine)
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MAT (Multi axis Turbo system)
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Cost per kWh in 16 MPH (ave) wind
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4.5 to 5 cents per kWh
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7 cents per kWh
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Less than 4.5 cents per kWh
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Advantages
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• No cyclical stress unlike vertical axis.
• Ability to place high above the ground to avoid turbulence.
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• Components on ground level for simplified installation and easier maintenance.
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• Manufacturing backlog avoided through limited use of custom made components. • 35% to 60% less expensive per kWh than HAWT or VAWT depending on local labor cost and local access to components. • Smaller blades use a fraction of the material per rated kilowatt. • Modular and scalable. • Inexpensive to repair, high maintenance components such as gearboxes and generators are at ground level , isolated from problem causing vibrations. This dramatically reduces premature failure. • Use of local vendors and workforce. • Reduced stress on bearings. • Extremely quiet-no noise. • NO Bird Kill. • Stiffer blades and higher efficiency (cannot have both with vertical axis turbines). • Easy start in lower wind speed. • Ability to place high above the ground to avoid turbulence. • Component failures are isolated, preventing a complete shutdown of a MAT.
• Lower capital expenditures and maintenance costs enables profitability at twenty times more locations than HAWTs and VAWTs also at lower cost.
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Disadvantages
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• Blades on top of tower, difficult to maintain and repair. • Expensive to manufacture. • Expensive to repair- all components on top of tower. • Extreme stress on bearings. • Avian mortality issues.
• Long periods of downtime for repairs; necessitates the use of a crane.
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• Blades have problematic cyclical stress unlike horizontal. • More stress on bearings than horizontal. • Lower efficiency per swept area. • Higher efficient version is: A) difficult to start, B)more prone to shaft problem with larger blades. • Difficult to mount on higher tower. • Bearing replacement requires tower to be taken down.
• Control difficulties.
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• Takes more swept blade area to produce same amount of power as horizontal turbine (Moot point due to lower blade cost per kilowatt/hour produced).
• Possible perceived aesthetics issues.
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